Cultural and Motivational Determinants of Exercise Adherence in Meranao Women

Abstract

Understanding the individual characteristics of cultural barriers, physical activity motivation, and exercise adherence among Muslim women is essential in promoting inclusive physical activity programs. In culturally conservative settings, such as among Meranao women in the southern Philippines, these factors are influenced by deeply rooted social and religious norms that shape how physical activity is perceived and practiced. This study aimed to describe and assess the levels and patterns of cultural barriers, physical activity motivation, and exercise adherence among Meranao women students at a state university in Marawi City.

A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, involving 369 Meranao women aged 18–24 years from Mindanao State University–Marawi City. Data were collected using three validated instruments: the Cultural Barriers Questionnaire (CBQ), the RM 4–FM Physical Activity Motivation Scale, and the Exercise Adherence Questionnaire. Frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores were used to analyze the distribution and characteristics of the three variables.

Results revealed that participants experienced a moderate level of cultural barriers (M = 2.9766), particularly in terms of environmental and access-related factors. Despite these challenges, participants demonstrated a high level of motivation to engage in physical activity (M = 3.4138), primarily driven by intrinsic factors such as enjoyment, health benefits, and personal improvement. Exercise adherence was rated as moderate (M = 3.3561), with stronger adherence observed in health-oriented and routine-based practices, and lower adherence associated with time constraints and limited knowledge about exercise.

The study highlights a population that is highly motivated yet only moderately adherent, facing both sociocultural and logistical challenges that influence their participation in physical activity. These findings emphasize the need for culturally appropriate, accessible, and empowering physical activity programs that respect the values, preferences, and lived experiences of Meranao women.