Classroom Management Competence of Senior High School Teachers in Anda, Division of Pangasinan I

Abstract

This descriptive-comparative study explored the factors influencing college students’ participation in physical fitness activities at an autonomous university in a highly urbanized city in Central Philippines during the 2025–2026 school year. A total of 342 firstyear students were surveyed using a validated questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the MannWhitney U test. The results revealed that students value the physical, emotional, social, and mental benefits of fitness, yet heavy academic workloads, inadequate facilities, and time constraints often limit their participation. Significant differences were found when grouped by course and sex. Nonboard program students reported higher engagement than board program students, suggesting that lighter academic demands allow greater flexibility for physical activity. Male students also showed greater participation than females, reflecting broader social and cultural influences, as well as differences in motivation and opportunity. Ultimately, the research provides a framework for designing a holistic fitness program that balances academic responsibilities with student wellbeing, ensuring that physical activity becomes a consistent and meaningful part of college life. The proposed intervention integrates safe routines, emotional rewards, peer support, and mindfulness to sustain engagement.