Evaluating Student Performance and Cognitive Skills Development Using the BRITE Model in Inquiry-Based Learning: A Quantitative Study

Abstract

Inquiry-based learning promotes active exploration and critical thinking by encouraging students to investigate, analyze, and discover information on their own. This study utilized four inquiry-based learning approaches (structured, open, confirmation, and guided) and was employed using a time series design to assess how well the BRITE model improved the academic performance of Grade 8 students in Earth and Space Science, particularly earthquakes, typhoons, comets, meteors, and asteroids. A total of one hundred ninety-two (192) students from Abra High School participated in the study, grouped into four sections. Every week, each inquiry approach was matched to different teaching resources. Quantitative data was gathered using validated pretests and posttests aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy to assess cognitive development, and the qualitative data on the students’ challenges was obtained through an interview questionnaire. This data was then subjected to a thematic evaluation.

Results demonstrated that the utilization of all inquiry approaches, and instructional materials significantly obtained higher posttest scores when the BRITE model was used. The structured inquiry approach had the highest mean score, which was described as "very satisfactory," especially for the typhoon and earthquake topics. In the celestial bodies’ topic, Open Inquiry outperformed Structured Inquiry, proving its ability to encourage innovation and exploration. Furthermore, CAI and multimedia demonstrated extraordinary efficacy, especially when combined with structured and confirmation approaches. Structured inquiry produced the biggest mean gain, suggesting its effectiveness in establishing basic scientific knowledge. All approaches showed a statistically substantial increase (p < 0.001) from pretest to posttest.

Moreover, the qualitative data indicates positive student feedback for the BRITE Model, but challenges vary depending on inquiry type. The BRITE Model, when combined with technology-enhanced materials, enhances students' comprehension and interest in science, promoting foundational knowledge and higher order thinking skills despite challenges.