Russian Refugee Influence on Older Adult Care in Tubabao Island

Abstract

The study aimed to explain and gain insight into the social units of interaction and the acquired care culture of older adults on Tubabao Island, Eastern Samar, specifically focusing on the cultural influences resulting from the 1949 settlement of Russian refugees.This research utilized a qualitative, focused ethnographic approach. The sample consisted of 20 older adults born on or before 1949 who lived through the Russian refugee settlement period. The study environment was Tubabao Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Ethical approval was granted by the Cebu Doctors’ University Institutional Ethics Review Committee (CDU-IERC Code: 2022-157-Gaviola-CareCulture) on November 11, 2022, and data collection was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023.A multi-method data gathering strategy was employed, including non-participant observations, individual structured and unstructured interviews, two focus group discussions (FGDs), and the triangulation of intangible artifacts and historical literature. Data analysis involved organizing and ordering synthesis, iterative reading, and ethnographic analysis based on the frameworks of Corbin and Strauss.Three central themes describing the care culture emerged: (1) Reinforced practice of alternative/folk medicine, characterized by the use of alcohol-based tinctures and medicinal oils; (2) Appraisals of care and cure, which blend formal medical advice with personal judgment; and (3) Social concept of care, encompassing recreation, community camaraderie, and religious devotion. These findings culminated in a Theoretical-Cultural Model explaining care culture modification through subtle stimulus diffusion.The care culture of the older adults in Tubabao is predominantly rooted in the Filipino archetype, with minute modifications from the Russian refugee settlement acquired via a subtle process of inculturation. Understanding these unique cultural units is essential for nurses to provide culturally competent care that addresses the specific felt needs of this sub-population.