Lived Experiences of Therapeutic Community Modality Program Residents: A Phenomenology

Abstract

The phenomenological qualitative study explored the lived experiences of eight PDLs who were enrolled in the TCMP across eight BJMP-managed facilities in Cagayan Province. Individual one-on-one semi-structured interviews were held, and the participants' responses were recorded verbatim. Furthermore, transcripts were then analyzed using Braun and Clarke's Thematic Analysis and four our significant themes were identified: (1) personal growth and self-transformation, (2) improved communication and confidence, (3) emotional release and reflection, and (4) strengthened brotherhood and social support. Participants recounted substantial behavioral changes, such as better discipline, emotional regulation, patience, and lessened aggression. In addition, interpersonal outcomes of the participants were better cooperation, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and deeper relational bonds. Strengths of TCMP, as recognized, were the emotional healing, structured routines, and spiritual grounding, whereas the weaknesses were the overcrowding, limited staff, inconsistent implementation, and insufficient program materials. These discoveries underscore the effectiveness of TCMP in engendering holistic rehabilitation even in congested and resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, there is a need to address the structural constraints if the program fidelity and sustainability are to be maximized. This research suggests that facilitator training be enhanced, facility infrastructure improved, psychosocial support strengthened, and post-release follow-up systems institutionalized. In brief, this study serves as a real-world example of TCMP's value in rehabilitation and is a source of credible directions for policy change in the Philippine correctional ‌system.