Aloysian Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, Education, and Allied Fields
The Aloysian Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, Education, and Allied Fields is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes high-quality research and review articles across social sciences, education, and related fields. Focused on promoting interdisciplinary dialogue and innovative research, the journal welcomes contributions on topics including sociology, psychology, education, policy studies, and human development. With a commitment to open access, authors retain copyright while allowing for wide distribution under a Creative Commons License. The journal is preserved in LOCKSS and CLOCKSS archival systems to ensure long-term access.
Students’ Assessment on the Admission and Retention Policy of the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration of the University of Cebu-Banilad
The admission policy is crucial in guiding students in enrolling in specific programs at the University. At the same time, retention informs the academic department on how to support students based on their academic performance and behavioral patterns. However, the educational arena is highly dynamic; therefore, there is a need to assess these two aforementioned policies in educational institutions. This investigation aims to assess the admission and retention policies of the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) program, to formulate a framework that will guide the revision of these policies. This study applies the descriptive correlation research design. Using the purposive sampling technique, there will be seven hundred thirteen (713) BSBA students of the University of Cebu-Banilad who served as respondents in this investigation. This study utilized a researcher-made survey and was pilot-tested. Frequency counts, percentages, the Chi-square test of independence, One-Way ANOVA, and simple linear regression were used for data analysis. The Bachelor of Science in Business Administration program, as assessed by the students, exceeded their expectations regarding the admission and retention policies. Hence, it helped maintain the preferred educational quality in said program, leading to the attainment of democratic quality education at an affordable cost.
Educational management, admission, retention policy, business administration, correlation, University of Cebu-Banilad, Cebu City, Philippines
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Assessing the Quality of the Library Facilities, Resources and Services: Leading Towards Quality Educational Experience
The library is the heart of an educational institution's knowledge repository. Hence, it provides an essential support service to the teaching-learning process and research works. Hence, this study assessed the quality of the University of Cebu library facilities, resources, and services and how it leads towards providing quality educational experience among the target-end users. This investigation used the descriptive-survey research design using a researcher-made survey questionnaire consisting of three (3) parts. This investigation was conducted at the University of Cebu-Banilad with 382 research respondents who were officially enrolled in the various programs of the university of Cebu-Banilad for the 1st semester, 2022-2023. Treatment of data used frequency count, simple percentage, weighted mean, and One-Way ANOVA. The results revealed that most of the research respondents were 18 to 20 years old, females, and enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) program. Moreover, they assessed that the quality of personnel customer service, facilities, services, and resources of the University of Cebu-Banilad Library Department was moderately satisfactory. Therefore, the ideal standards of how the library should suffice the learning needs of the University students have a gap with the current state. So there should be regular mechanisms for updating the library as the central nerve of learning in an educational institution so that they could respond positively to the needs of 21st-century students amid the presence of technology and digital library resources and databases.
Library science, quality of services, facilities & resources, descriptive, University of Cebu-Banilad
Financial Literacy of Public Secondary School Teachers in San Francisco District, Camotes Island, Cebu, Philippines
Financial literacy is the combination of knowledge about financial, credit, and debt management necessary to make informed, financially responsible decisions—choices that are integral to everyday life. This study assessed the extent to which financial literacy is manifested among public school teachers in the San Francisco District, San Francisco, to formulate a personal finance primer for public school teachers. This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design to assess the extent to which financial literacy is manifested among public secondary school teachers in the San Francisco District, San Francisco, Camotes, Cebu, particularly at Camotes National High School, Cabonga-an National High School, and Sta. Cruz National High School. The research participants were composed of one hundred fifty (150) teachers from the total population of two hundred forty-six (246) and assigned to these three (3) national high schools in the San Francisco district. The research participants were randomly selected. The research participants were randomly selected. This study used the researcher-made survey tool with two parts. The first part pertains to the demographic profile, and the second part consists of items about the level of manifestation of financial literacy. The Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.885 shows that the self-made survey questionnaire was reliable for final administration. Frequency count and percentage, weighted mean, Chi-square test of independence, and Independent T-test were used for data analysis. This research adhered to the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy. In terms of the respondents' profile, more of them were aged 24 to 32 years old, bachelor’s degree holders, had been in the teaching profession for 1 to 5 years, and earned a net take-home pay of Php 20,001.00 to Php 30,000.00 per month. The majority of the public secondary school teachers in the San Francisco District, Camotes, Cebu, were females, married, with salary grades between 11 and 12, and relied solely on their income without additional sources. The public secondary school in the San Francisco District, Camotes, Cebu, moderately demonstrated financial literacy in terms of budgeting, spending, and credit and debt management (moderate financial literacy), but less in savings and investing (less financial literacy). There is no significant relationship between respondents' profiles and the extent to which they demonstrated financial literacy in terms of budgeting, savings, investing, spending, and credit and debt management. There is no significant difference in the extent to which they manifested financial literacy in terms of budgeting, savings, investing, spending, and credit and debt management. Therefore, the public secondary school teachers in the San Francisco District, San Francisco, Camotes Island, Cebu exhibited limited knowledge about the appropriate management of their financial resources, predominantly from their salaries. They often experience budget deficits and borrow from various financial institutions. This financial struggle usually follows a cycle in which they will use their current income to pay off their debt. Hence, it is suggested that public secondary school teachers will adopt the proposed personal financial primer as a guide in managing their income appropriately.
Financial literacy, budgeting, saving, investing, spending, debt & credit management, public school teachers, correlation, San Francisco District, Cebu, Philippines
Tourism Management Students’ Academic Achievement Vis-a-Vis their Practicum Performance
The Philippine tourism sector has shown strong performance, exhibiting double-digit growth in domestic and foreign tourist arrivals for the past several years. As a major employer on the continent, the tourism industry offers economic stability and various jobs (Hobson, 2008). A well-designed and flexible curriculum is needed to integrate dynamic changes and strategic developments in the tourism and hospitality industries. This study aims to determine the correlation between the University of Cebu- Banilad Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) students’ academic achievement (based on the General Weighted Average [GWA]) and their practicum performance, with the end view of devising a program-level intervention scheme. This study utilized the descriptive correlation research design using secondary data from the Registrar’s Office and the College of Hospitality Management. The research subjects were the seventy-one (71) Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) students of the University of Cebu-Banilad enrolled during the school year 2023-2024. Purposive sampling was applied to select the research subjects. Frequency count and simple percentage were used to describe the research subjects' General Weighted Average [GWA]) and their practicum performance. The chi-square test of independence was used to determine the significant relationship between the research subjects’ gender and their General Weighted Average [GWA]) and the research subjects’ gender and practicum performance. Pearson R was used to determine the significant relationship between the research subjects’ General Weighted Average [GWA]) and practicum performance. Ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice were observed in this investigation. The majority of the research subjects had good academic and practicum performance. No significant relationship exists between the research subjects’ gender and the General Weighted Average [GWA], and no correlation was found between their practicum performance. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between the research subjects’ General Weighted Average [GWA] and practicum performance. Therefore, the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) manifested mediocre cognitive abilities in applying theoretical concepts to practice in the real world of work in tourism-related fields. This association of their mental abilities and on-the-job performance exemplifies the extent to which they can manage and carry out tasks while minding the theories and concepts they learn in school.
Tourism management education, performance achievement, on-the –job-training, correlation, University of Cebu, Philippines
Concept Formation and Creative Expression in English Language Learning: A Study of Visually Impaired Learners in Inclusive Classrooms
The language learning process is multidimensional and encompasses the development of cognition, involvement of emotions, and creativity. In the case of visually impaired learners, this process needs to be taught according to the non-traditional approaches and choices to apply the multisensory, concept-centered approach to relating the language to the lived experience and imagination. The research paper explores the use of concept-based English language instructions to improve reading, understanding and creative communication skills in visually impaired students in regular classrooms. The study was based on constructivist and social learning theories and used an action research design in a primary-level English classroom. Ten visually impaired learners (10-12 years old) were put through diagnostic testing, remedial instruction, and post-assessment to assess conceptual development in 3 linguistic domains, namely: spatial, emotional and idiomatic/figurative concepts. It was found that the improvement in all areas was significant: in the domains of space understanding improved by 37 to 88 percent, emotional vocabulary by 44 to 90 percent, and idiomatic understanding by 25 to 80 percent. These results substantiate that multisensory and experiential instruction is a major contributor in improving linguistic understanding, conceptual elucidation and expressiveness in visually impaired students. The research is based on the theoretical contributions of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Krashen and is in tandem with the inclusive and competency-based model of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India. It concludes that concept-based learning turns language as a mechanical subject to a medium of thought, feeling, and creativity. The pedagogical implications include the significance of the inclusive, experiential and creative pedagogies which allow every learner to participate and express himself or herself safely in language.
Concept Formation; Creative Expression; English Language Learning; Visually Impaired Learners; Inclusive Education; Multisensory Pedagogy; Constructivism; TESL; Idiomatic Understanding; NEP 2020
Mga Kwentong Bayan ng Banaue, Ifugao: Ugnayan ng Panitikan at Pag-uugali ng mga Katutubo
Ang pag-aaral na ito ay isang kwalitatibong pagsusuri sa mga pag-uugaling nakapaloob sa labindalawang kwentong bayan ng Banaue, Ifugao. Layunin ng pananaliksik na matukoy ang mga pag-uugali ng mga katutubo na masasalamin sa kanilang mga katutubong kwento at maipakita ang ugnayan ng panitikan sa pag-unawa at pagpapanatili ng kulturang Ifugao. Gumamit ang pag-aaral ng in-depth interview at focus group discussion (FGD) sa sampung (10) kalahok mula sa Banaue na may malalim na kaalaman sa mga kwento. Sinuri ang mga datos gamit ang thematic analysis model nina Braun at Clarke (2006). Ayon sa mga resulta, natukoy ang limang pangunahing pag-uugali sa mga kwentong bayan: pagiging mapagmahal, pagiging masunurin, pagiging matiisin, pagiging mapaghiganti, at pagiging mapanlamang. Ang mga temang ito ay nagpapakita kung paano sumasalamin ang panitikan sa mga pagpapahalaga, hamon, at karanasan ng mga taga-Ifugao, at kung paano ito nagsisilbing instrumento sa pagpapanatili at pagpapalaganap ng kanilang kultura. Inirerekomenda ang pagpapahalaga at paggamit ng mga katutubong kwento bilang bahagi ng edukasyon at kultural na pagpapanumbalik.
kwentong bayan, Banaue, Ifugao, pag-uugali ng katutubo, panitikang katutubo, pagiging mapagmahal, pagiging masunurin, pagiging matiisin, pagiging mapaghiganti, pagiging mapanlamang, tematikong pagsusuri
Hudhud Ni Aliguyon Ke Bugan Bilang Kagamitang Panturo: Isang Eksperimental Na Pag-Aaral
Ang pag-aaral na ito ay isang eksperimental na pananaliksik na sumuri sa bisa ng isinaling bersiyon ng Hudhud ni Aliguyon ke Bugan sa wikang Filipino bilang kagamitang panturo. Dalawang pangkat ng mag-aaral mula sa Laboratory High School – ISCAF Main ang kinuha bilang tagatugon: isang kontroladong grupo (gumamit ng orihinal na Tuwali na teksto) at isang eksperimental na grupo (gumamit ng isinaling teksto sa Filipino). Gamit ang pretest-posttest na disenyo, sinuri ang pagkakaiba sa pag-unawa at pagkatuto ng mga mag-aaral batay sa wika ng materyales. Ipinakita ng resulta na walang makabuluhang pagkakaiba sa paunang kaalaman ng dalawang grupo. Gayunpaman, ang eksperimental na grupo ay nagpakita ng makabuluhang pagtaas sa marka ng posttest, lalo na sa mga hindi marunong ng Tuwali. Natukoy din na mas mataas ang posttest na marka ng eksperimental na grupo kumpara sa kontroladong grupo. Batay sa mga natuklasan, ang pagsasalin ng Hudhud sa Filipino ay napatunayang mabisang kagamitang panturo na nagpapataas ng pag-unawa at pagkatuto, at inirerekomenda ang pagsasama nito sa kurikulum at ang pagsasalin ng iba pang katutubong akda.
Hudhud ni Aliguyon ke Bugan, pagsasaling-wika, kagamitang panturo, wikang Filipino, wikang Tuwali, eksperimental na pag-aaral, katutubong panitikan, pagtuturo ng panitikan, pag-unawa sa pagbasa, epiko ng Ifugao
Validation of the Grade 7 Filipino Third Quarter Summative Test
Layunin ng pag-aaral na ito na balidahin ang isang 40-item na Ikatlong Markahang Lagumang Pagsusulit sa Filipino para sa Baitang 7 sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri sa bisa ng nilalaman, antas ng kahirapan, kakayahang makapag-iba ng pagganap (discrimination index), at pagiging maaasahan ng pagsusulit. Gumamit ang pag-aaral ng mixed-method na disenyo na pinagsasama ang kwantitatibong pagsusuri ng mga aytem at kwalitatibong balidasyon ng nilalaman. Dalawang eksperto sa asignaturang Filipino ang nagsagawa ng balidasyon ng bawat aytem batay sa kaugnayan, kalinawan, at representasyon ng mga layunin sa pagkatuto. Isinailalim naman sa pilot testing ang pagsusulit sa 30 mag-aaral ng Baitang 7 mula sa isang pribadong paaralan sa Zamboanga Sibugay upang makuha ang datos para sa pagsusuri ng kahirapan at diskriminasyon ng mga aytem, gayundin ang reliability gamit ang KR-20. Ipinakita ng resulta na 75% ng mga aytem ay lubhang balido, 15% ay balido, at 10% ay nangangailangan ng rebisyon. Lumabas din na 62.5% ng mga aytem ay kabilang sa madali hanggang napakadaling antas, samantalang 5% lamang ang mahirap. Sa usapin ng discrimination index, 20% ng mga aytem ay napakahusay, 15% ay katanggap-tanggap, 12.5% ay marginal, at 52.5% ay mahina, kabilang ang ilang aytem na may negatibong diskriminasyon. Batay sa tematikong pagsusuri ng mga puna ng eksperto, natukoy ang mga suliranin sa baybay, pormat, kalinawan ng tanong, at mababang antas ng pag-iisip na sinusukat. Bunga nito, nakabuo ng binagong bersiyon ng lagumang pagsusulit. Ipinahihiwatig ng pag-aaral na may potensiyal ang pagsusulit bilang kagamitang pantaya, subalit nangangailangan ito ng malawakang pagpapahusay upang matiyak ang pagiging makatarungan, balido, at angkop sa MELCs.
lagumang pagsusulit, balidasyon, item analysis, Filipino 7, MELCs
21st Century Skills and Academic Performance of Grade 7 Students in Public Secondary Schools
This study investigated the level of 21st-century skills among Grade 7 students in selected public secondary schools and examined how these skills relate to their academic performance. Recognizing the increasing importance of competencies such as innovative thinking, digital literacy, and life and career skills in modern education, the research aimed to determine students’ self-perceived abilities and whether demographic factors influence these skills. The study also sought to identify whether mastery of 21st-century skills contributes to improved scholastic achievement. A descriptive research design, specifically a survey method, was utilized involving 272 Grade 7 students selected through stratified sampling based on Slovin’s formula. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire-checklist, supplemented by documentary analysis of students’ general averages to determine their academic performance. The instrument underwent expert validation to ensure content accuracy and reliability. Descriptive statistics, mean scores, and inferential tests were used to determine levels of skills and identify significant differences and relationships. Results revealed that students rated themselves as “Much Skillful” across all domains of 21st-century skills, with composite means of 3.86 for learning innovative skills, 4.12 for digital literacy skills, and 3.93 for life and career skills, yielding an overall mean of 3.97. Digital literacy emerged as the strongest skill area. Demographic variables—including age, sex, sibling position, family size, income, and parents’ occupation—showed no significant influence, although father’s educational attainment demonstrated a significant effect on life and career skills. Academic performance was generally high, with a mean of 89.44, categorized as Very Satisfactory. The study concludes that students’ 21st-century skills are strongly associated with their academic performance, indicating that greater confidence in creativity, critical thinking, digital proficiency, and life skills enhances scholastic outcomes. These findings support the integration of 21st-century competencies into instructional practices and highlight the need for continuous training, skill-based learning activities, and supportive school environments.
21st-Century Skills ,Academic Performance ,Grade 7 Students ,Digital Literacy ,Learning Innovative Skills
The Influence of Psychographic Characteristics on Antibiotics Utilization Among Out-Patients
Antibiotic misuse remains a persistent public health concern, particularly in outpatient settings where self‑medication, incomplete treatment, and inconsistent follow‑up behaviors contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the behavioral, demographic, and contextual factors influencing antibiotic utilization is essential for strengthening stewardship efforts. This study aimed to examine the extent of responsible antibiotic use across pre‑intake, intake, and post‑treatment stages and to determine the demographic and psychographic predictors of these behaviors. It also sought to complement quantitative findings with qualitative insights to better understand the motivations and barriers shaping outpatient practices. A descriptive‑correlational design was employed, involving 159 outpatients who completed validated questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and antibiotic utilization behaviors. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, while qualitative responses from open‑ended items were thematically analyzed to contextualize behavioral patterns. Results showed very high levels of responsible antibiotic behavior across all stages, with mean scores ranging from 3.19 to 3.77. Age and educational attainment significantly predicted pre‑intake behaviors (p < .05), while attitudes significantly predicted adherence during intake (p < .05). No demographic or psychographic variables significantly predicted post‑treatment behaviors. Qualitative findings explained these patterns: patients described trust in doctors, fear of complications, and desire for recovery as key motivators during treatment, while logistical barriers, lack of reminders, and uncertainty about proper disposal shaped post‑treatment practices. These integrated findings suggest that early and mid‑treatment behaviors are driven by individual capability and motivation, whereas post‑treatment behaviors depend more on structural and contextual supports. The study concludes that while outpatients generally demonstrate strong antibiotic stewardship behaviors, sustaining responsible practices after treatment requires system‑level reinforcement. Strengthening patient counseling, improving follow‑up mechanisms, and establishing accessible disposal programs are essential to support consistent, responsible antibiotic use and mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance.
Antibiotic utilization, Outpatient behavior, antimicrobial stewardship, Medication adherence, Pre intake practices, Post treatment behavior, Mixed methods research, Health behavior determinants
Perceptions, Expectations, and Engagement of PSU–Narra Students Toward the Attainment of Ambisyon Natin 2040
This study examined the perceptions, expectations, and engagement of Palawan State University–Narra Campus students toward the attainment of AmBisyon Natin 2040, the Philippine government’s long-term development vision. Grounded on the role of youth in national development, the study aimed to assess students’ awareness, outlook, and participation in initiatives aligned with the vision, as well as determine the relationship between their demographic profile and these variables. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 332 undergraduate students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, weighted mean, and Pearson’s r correlation. Results showed that students generally have positive perceptions and awareness of AmBisyon Natin 2040, recognizing its relevance, clarity, and alignment with their personal goals. They demonstrated moderate expectations, expressing optimism about improvements in quality of life, education, healthcare, and employment, while remaining cautious about full government implementation. Findings also revealed active student engagement in sustainable development activities, responsible citizenship, environmental conservation, and advocacy, indicating a willingness to contribute to nation-building. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between students’ year level or program and their perceptions, expectations, and engagement, suggesting consistency across demographic groups.The study concludes that PSU–Narra students are aware, supportive, and engaged in the national development vision. However, increased information dissemination and stronger institutional support are necessary to enhance awareness and sustain participation. The findings emphasize the crucial role of higher education institutions in empowering youth as active partners in achieving AmBisyon Natin 2040.
Perceptions, Expectations, Engagement, Attainment of AmBisyon Natin 2040, National Development
Communication Practices and Engagement Level of University Stakeholders: Basis for Enhancement Program
Effective organizational communication is essential in fostering engagement in instruction, research, and extension, particularly within higher education institutions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the communication practices of Isabela State University using a descriptive–correlational design and mixed-method approach. The study surveyed 380 students, 262 faculty members, and 217 non-teaching personnel utilizing a reliable and validated structured questionnaire to assess communication effectiveness in terms of clarity, conciseness, coherence and consistency and to measure engagement in instruction, research and extension activities. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test and Kendall’s tau correlation, while qualitative responses from an open-ended item underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed that effectiveness of communication practices and engagement levels were rated high across all indicators. No significant differences emerged among stakeholder groups indicating consistency in communication effectiveness. Significant positive correlation was found between communication effectiveness and instruction, research and extension engagement. These results highlight the interconnectedness of communication practices and institutional operations. Qualitative findings further identified aspects for improvement such as standardized protocols, improved coordination, and user-friendly platforms among others which were integrated in the developed enhancement program. The study concludes that while communication practices are generally effective, identified aspects for improvement are needed to address recurring issues and enhance engagement. Recommendations focus on establishing communication management committee, regular communication satisfaction surveys and implementing the developed enhancement program to support the institutional operations and mandates.
Communication Practices, Communication Effectiveness, Stakeholder Engagement, Higher Education Institutions, Communication Intervention Program
Competence of Public Junior High School Teachers in Technology and Livelihood Education Agri-Fishery Arts in District I, Manila City Division
The development of competent teachers in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE)–Agri-Fishery Arts is essential in ensuring effective delivery of skills-based instruction aligned with the goals of the K–12 curriculum. This study was conducted to determine the level of competence of public junior high school teachers in TLE–Agri-Fishery Arts in District I, Division of Manila City, during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it assessed teachers’ competence across five strands: Crop Production, Animal Production, Aquaculture, Fish Capture, and Food and Fish Processing, as perceived by teachers and school heads. It also examined the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by TLE teachers that may hinder effective instructional delivery. The study employed a descriptive research design, with TLE teachers and school heads as respondents. A structured questionnaire checklist served as the primary data-gathering instrument, while the Average Weighted Mean and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the level of competence of TLE–Agri-Fishery Arts teachers was generally moderate across the five strands. Results further showed no significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and school heads, indicating a shared understanding of teachers’ competence. Moreover, the problems encountered by TLE teachers were rated as moderately serious, suggesting the presence of challenges that affect the delivery of practical and technical lessons. In conclusion, while TLE teachers demonstrate an adequate level of competence in Agri-Fishery Arts, there remains a need for continuous professional development and institutional support. The findings of the study served as the basis for the development of an action plan aimed at enhancing the competence of junior high school TLE teachers in Agri-Fishery Arts.
TLE–Agri-Fishery Arts, Teacher Competence, Junior High School Teachers, Technical-Vocational Education, Action Plan
Learning Competencies of Junior High School Learners in Home Economics in District V, Manila City Division
The development of competent learners in Home Economics (HE) is essential in ensuring effective acquisition of practical skills and technical knowledge aligned with the goals of the K–12 curriculum. This study was conducted to determine the level of learning competencies of Junior High School learners in Home Economics in District V, Division of Manila City, during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it assessed learners’ competencies across four strands: Dressmaking, Cookery, Handicraft Making, and Food Processing, as perceived by their teachers and school heads. It also examined the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by HE teachers that may hinder the effective development of learning competencies. The study employed a descriptive research design, with HE teachers and school heads as respondents. A structured questionnaire served as the primary data-gathering instrument, while the Average Weighted Mean and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the level of learning competencies of Junior High School learners was generally moderate across the four strands. Results further showed no significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and school heads, indicating a shared understanding of learners’ competencies. Moreover, the problems encountered by HE teachers were rated as moderately serious, suggesting challenges that may affect the effective delivery of practical and technical lessons. While learners demonstrate adequate levels of competency in Home Economics, there is a need for targeted instructional interventions, professional support for teachers, and enhanced learning resources. The findings of the study served as the basis for the development of an action plan aimed at strengthening the learning competencies of Junior High School learners in Home Economics.
Home Economics, Learning Competencies, Junior High School Learners, Practical Skills, Action Plan
Performance of Lettuce Cultivars Applied with Organic Concoctions
Lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) is widely consumed leafy vegetable known for its high nutritional value and fast growth cycle. The application of organic concoctions offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic inputs, potentially enhancing the growth, yield and quality of lettuce crops. This study was conducted to determine the performance in growth, yield and sensory quality of Lettuce Cultivars applied with different organic concoctions. It was laid out in 3x4 factorial design replicated three times, factor A with different lettuce cultivars such as (A1) Lollo Bionda, (A2) Lollo Rossa and (A3) Eton, while the Factor B were treatments with different organic concoctions: (B2) Fermented Plant Juice, (B3) Fermented Fruit Juice, and (B4) organic commercial foliar fertilizer along with (B1) control were tested under greenhouse condition. Base on the findings the application of Treatment B2 (Fermented Plant Juice) significantly enhances the vegetative growth of lettuce across all measured parameters: plant height, number of leaves, leaf and root length with results comparable to Treatment B4 (Organic Commercial Foliar Fertilizer) and in some cases, Treatment B1 (Control). The biological and economical yield was significantly influenced by the application of FPJ in Eton variety. The plant height, number of leaves, leaf and root length, biological and economic yield, sensory evaluation parameters such as aroma, appearance, crispiness, and general acceptability were not significantly affected by the different varieties and their interaction with organic concoctions. While the taste of lettuce significantly influenced cultivar Lollo Bionda with FPJ application and their interaction. FPJ also significantly improve the sensory quality of lettuce in aroma, appearance, crispiness and general acceptance. These findings suggest that fermented plant juice is highly effective in promoting growth and yield and improving sensory quality attributes of lettuce cultivars, making it a promising and sustainable organic input for leafy vegetable production.
Organic concoctions, lettuce, FFJ, FPJ, commercial organic fertilizer
An Assessment of the English Language Proficiency and Self-Efficacy Beliefs of English Teachers with Short-Term Teaching Certification Program
Ongoing debates surrounding the effectiveness of the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) continue to raise concerns about teacher quality and preparedness in the Philippine education system. These concerns are reflected in the country’s declining performance in international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), where learning gaps have been linked to limitations in teacher competence. Within this context, this study examined the English language proficiency and teaching self-efficacy of non-education graduates who completed a short-term Certificate in Teaching Program (CTP) and were designated to teach English in basic education institutions within the National Capital Region (NCR). Employing a quantitative descriptive–correlational research design, the study assessed English proficiency using CEFR-aligned language assessments and measured teaching self-efficacy through Karas’ (2019) English Language Teacher Sense of Efficacy Beliefs Scale (EL-TSES). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Results indicated that most respondents demonstrated intermediate to upper-intermediate English proficiency (B1–B2), with stronger performance in listening, speaking, and writing than in reading. Teachers reported generally high teaching self-efficacy; however, lower self-efficacy levels were observed in the domains of language instruction, assessment, and instructional materials development. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between English language proficiency and teaching self-efficacy. The findings suggest that while the short-term CTP provides access to the teaching profession, it may be insufficient in developing advanced English proficiency and comprehensive instructional competence. The study recommends targeted language enrichment, data-driven professional development, and curricular review of certification programs to better support non-education English teachers. Future research may employ larger samples and longitudinal designs to further examine changes in proficiency and self-efficacy over time.
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), English Language Teacher Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale (EL-TSES), English Language Proficiency, Teacher Certification Program
Physical Education Instruction in Public Junior High School in San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Physical Education plays a vital role in the holistic development of learners by promoting physical fitness, motor skills, social interaction, and lifelong healthy habits. This study determined the status of Physical Education instruction in public junior high schools in San Carlos City, Pangasinan during School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it examined the profile of Physical Education teachers, their level of competencies across different dimensions of Physical Education, the adequacy of sports facilities and equipment, and the problems encountered in the implementation of PE instruction. Using a descriptive research design, data were gathered from sixty-one (61) Physical Education teachers and nineteen (19) school heads through a validated survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that most teachers were BSEd degree holders majoring in MAPEH, PEHM, or Physical Education, with limited participation in PE-related trainings. Teachers demonstrated a generally low level of competency across the different dimensions of Physical Education, with moderate competency observed only in selected areas. A significant difference was found between the perceptions of teachers and school heads regarding teachers’ competencies in Physical Education. Sports facilities and equipment were found to be moderately adequate in most areas but inadequate in track and field. Teachers encountered very serious problems, particularly the lack of adequate facilities, equipment, and instructional materials. Based on the findings, an action plan was proposed to improve the quality and effectiveness of Physical Education instruction.
Physical Education Instruction, Teacher Competencies, Sports Facilities, MAPEH, Junior High School
Teaching Practices of Public Senior High School Teachers of 21st-Century Skills In San Carlos City Division
The integration of 21st-century skills in education emphasizes the development of learners who are critical thinkers, effective communicators, collaborative problem-solvers, and digitally literate individuals prepared for lifelong learning. This study was conducted to assess the extent of practices of teaching 21st-century skills among Senior High School teachers in District V-A, San Carlos City Division, for the School Year 2024–2025. Specifically, it sought to determine the level of implementation of 21st-century skills in the areas of learning skills, innovation skills, information and media skills, digital literacy skills, life skills, and career skills. The study employed a descriptive research design with Senior High School teachers and school heads as respondents. A researcher-made questionnaire served as the primary data-gathering instrument, while weighted mean and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that both teachers and school heads perceived the extent of practices of teaching 21st-century skills as moderately practiced across all domains. Results further showed no significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and school heads, indicating a shared understanding of the implementation of 21st-century skills in instructional practices. Moreover, the problems encountered in implementing these skills were rated as moderately serious, highlighting the need for continuous professional development, improved access to resources, and stronger institutional support. In conclusion, the teaching of 21st-century skills among Senior High School teachers in the district is generally evident but requires further enhancement. The findings of the study serve as a basis for designing an action plan aimed at strengthening instructional practices and ensuring effective integration of 21st-century skills in Senior High School classrooms.
21st-Century Skills, Teaching Practices, Senior High School Teachers, Digital Literacy, Life and Career Skills
Impact of Learning Management System (LMS) on Academic Performance of Selected First Year Nursing Students in Perpetual Help College of Manila
This study examined the impact of the Learning Management System (LMS) on the academic performance of selected first-year nursing students at Perpetual Help College of Manila. Specifically, it aimed to determine the respondents’ demographic profiles in terms of age, gender, and section; identify their perceived advantages and disadvantages of using the LMS; and assess the relationship between these perceptions and their academic performance. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to first-year nursing students. The findings revealed that most respondents were young female students aged 18–24 years. Results showed that students recognized several advantages of the LMS, such as accessibility, convenience, and efficiency in learning management. However, they also identified challenges including poor internet connectivity, system errors, and limited interaction. Statistical analysis indicated no significant relationship between the respondents’ perceived advantages and disadvantages of the LMS and their academic performance. This suggests that while the LMS serves as a valuable educational tool, students’ performance is influenced by multiple factors beyond its use. The study recommends continuous improvement of LMS implementation and provision of technical support to maximize its effectiveness in nursing education.
Learning Management System, academic performance, nursing students, online learning, Perpetual Help College of Manila
Level of Awareness and Utilization of Library Services Among Selected 2nd Year Nursing Students at Perpetual Help College of Manila and its Effect On Their NCM 107 Lecture Grade
The purpose of this quantitative correlational study is to determine the relationship between the academic performance of selected second-year nursing students at Perpetual Help College of Manila, as measured by their NCM 107 lecture grades, and their awareness of and use of library services. It specifically sought to assess the respondents' level of awareness of the library services, their extent of utilization, and whether there was a substantial correlation between these factors and their academic performance. Purposive sampling was used to pick 173 respondents for the correlational research design study. A standardized questionnaire based on a Likert scale was used to gather data. To determine a correlation between the variables, the collected data were examined using weighted mean, standard deviation, p-value, frequency, and percentage distribution, and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (ρ). Results revealed that the respondents demonstrated a moderate level of awareness and a moderate level of utilization of library services. However, the findings indicated no significant correlation between the level of awareness and utilization of library services and the students’ NCM 107 lecture grades. The study concludes that while students are aware of and make use of library resources, these factors alone do not significantly influence their academic performance. It is recommended that future studies explore other variables, such as study habits, learning styles, and motivation, that may have a greater impact on nursing students’ academic achievement.
Library Services, Awareness, Utilization, Nursing Students, NCM 107
Design And Evaluation of a Solar Water Heater Advocacy for Carbon Footprint Reduction
The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions worldwide necessitates practical and affordable methods to lower household carbon emissions. Household energy use and carbon emissions is significantly influenced by electric water heating techniques. The need for effective tools to promote the usage of renewable energy sources is the main emphasis of this study. The main purpose was to create, build, and analyze a solar water heater (SWH) meant to operate as a practical advocacy device for minimizing carbon footprints. The goal of the project development research was to assess the project's acceptability, design, and functionality as well as user approval. Using easily accessible materials, a functional SWH gadget was constructed. A user-focused evaluation was part of the assessment, where people tested the gadget and gave feedback. The data analysis of the findings and outcomes are positive. The average mean score for the Solar Water Heaters(SWH's) design was 4.36, indicating that consumers "Strongly Agree" with its quality. With a score of 4.66, functionality was rated as having excellent agreement regarding efficiency. Additionally, acceptability achieved a mean score of 4.66, indicating an exceptional user experience and qualifying it as "very acceptable." The outcomes attest to the device's efficacy and ease of use. Its effectiveness and value as a tool for demonstrating the benefits of solar technology are confirmed by its high ratings in each category. Harnessing solar energy for heating water significantly reduces reliance on fossil fuels, which in turn helps to cut down greenhouse gas emissions and lower carbon footprints. Studies show that solar water heaters can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50% or even more when compared to traditional water heating methods, thus playing a crucial role in efforts to combat climate change. Promoting the adoption and use of these effective solar water heating systems encourages environmental sustainability and actively aids in decreasing carbon footprints by utilizing clean and renewable energy.
Solar water Heater (SWH), Sustainable Energy, Carbon footprint, Renewable Energy, Functionality, User-friendly Design, Usability, Household Emissions
Examining the Link Between Learners’ Engagement and Academic Performance
This study examined how engaged learners are and their academic performance in public secondary schools. It also investigated whether there were any significant differences or relationships among learners grouped by specific demographic and socioeconomic factors. Using a descriptive, comparative, and correlational research design, data were collected from 373 secondary school learners through a validated self-made questionnaire that measured academic, social, and emotional engagement. Learners’ academic performance was assessed based on their official first-quarter grades for the School Year 2025-2026. The analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman’s rho. The results indicated that learners exhibited a high level of engagement across academic, social, and emotional domains. They participated actively, interacted positively with peers, and displayed emotional responsiveness in the learning environment. Most demographic groups achieved a Very Satisfactory level of academic performance. Comparative analyses revealed no significant differences in engagement or academic performance when learners were grouped by sex, grade level, or average family monthly income. However, the highest educational attainment of parents and the number of siblings had a substantial impact on learners’ engagement, while average family monthly income significantly affected academic performance. Furthermore, the relational analysis showed no significant relationship between learners’ engagement and their academic performance. These findings suggest that while learner engagement is generally strong, academic performance is influenced by broader contextual, social, and economic conditions. The study emphasizes the need to improve school-based instructional support and implement targeted interventions to address family- and resource-related disparities, thereby promoting equitable educational outcomes in public secondary schools.
Learner Engagement, Academic Performance, Secondary School, Students, Socioeconomic Factors, Educational Outcomes
Turns Over Plot Twists: The Use of Butterfly-Effect Model for Causal-Driven Story Development Program for Grade 5
This action research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Butterfly-Effect Model as a pedagogical framework for developing causal-driven story writing skills among Grade 5 students at Don Bosco Technical Institute of Makati. Employing a one-group pretest-posttest design within a mixed-methods approach, the study implemented a structured program over four weeks. Quantitative data from 71.42 (Fair) to 86.37 (Very Satisfactory), with a mean gain of 14.95 points. Analysis of writing components revealed the most significant improvement in Plot Sequence (mean gain of 17.70), followed by Structure & Organization, Cultural Relevance, and Figures of Speech. Qualitative data from student interviews identified initial challenges in applying the causal model but overall positive perceptions of its utility for planning and avoiding arbitrary plot twists. Based on the findings, a Performance Task Action Plan was developed to provide educators with a structured, culturally relevant framework for sustained instruction in narrative causality. The study concludes that the Butterfly-Effect Model is an effective tool for enhancing narrative coherence, plot development, and students' metacognitive awareness in story writing.
Butterfly-Effect Model, causal-driven narrative, story writing, Grade 5, action research, performance task
The Adherence of Selected School in Manila to Public Health Standards: Development of Institutionalized Health Management System
Healthcare is very important especially in a school community. This study is aimed to determine the adherence of selected school in Manila to the public health standard. This study made use of Embedded Mixed Method Design. This focus on the Thematic Areas of the evaluation included Prevention and Mitigation, Preparation Process, Response, and Recovery and Rehabilitation. The research also examined the following Core Processes: (a) Governance of the Administration; (b) Service Delivery of the Institution's Health Department; (c) Resource Management and Mobilization; and (d) Information and Knowledge Management. Regarding the Functional System, the research needed an examination of the school's Health and Emergency Response Team, Health Emergency Supplies, and Emergency Operations Center responders. At the end, an Institutionalized Health Management System. The findings showed that the respondents strongly agreed that the Thematic Areas, Core Processes, and Functional System of the health system of the school. Also, there is no significant differences on the areas given on health system when grouped according to their demographic profiles. These were used in the making of the Institutionalized Health Management System of the school focusing on the result and the recommendations. Thus, it was concluded that the goal of the research was achieved. The Functional System and Thematic Areas of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management on Health were noted as the highest areas. However, the lowest was the Core Processes found in the health standard of the school that needed enrichment. The implication of the managing the Disaster Risk Reduction Management focused on Health was to strengthen the Physical Education and health aspects of the educative formation of the school. The management and implementation heighten the need for managerial prowess to be able to help the school develop the department for the enhancement of the institution. The present study recommends using the proposed Institutionalized Disaster Risk Reduction Management focusing on Health. Since it implies a more stretched focus on the implementation and leadership aspect of the school, constant development is recommended not only in the presence of virus, but also other aspect that could bring negative circumstances to the members of the community.
Healthcare. Public Health Standard. Embedded Mixed Method Design. Institutionalized Disaster Risk Reduction Management.
Effectiveness of Plyometric Training to the Skill Related Fitness of High School Volleyball Athletes
This experimental study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an eight-week plyometric training program on the skill-related fitness of high school female volleyball athletes from Antonio A. Maceda Integrated School. Sixteen (16) athletes were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=8), which underwent a structured plyometric training program, or a control group (n=8), which continued with regular training. Skill-related fitness components—agility (L-drill), balance (one-leg stand), coordination (hand-eye wall ball test), and power (standing long jump)—were assessed through pre-test and post-test measurements. Results indicated that while both groups showed improvements from pre-test to post-test, the experimental group demonstrated greater mean gains in all four components. Statistical analysis using t-tests revealed a significant difference between the two groups in agility (p = 0.04), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis for that component. However, no significant differences were found for balance (p = 0.838), coordination (p = 0.072), and power (p = 0.059), leading to a failure to reject the null hypothesis for these components. The study concludes that the plyometric training program was particularly effective in enhancing agility. It is recommended that such programs be incorporated into athletes' training regimens, with further investigation needed to optimize protocols for improving balance, coordination, and power.
plyometric training, skill-related fitness, volleyball athletes, agility, high school sports
The Use of Short Stories as A Springboard in Teaching Grammar
This study aimed to determine the use of short story as a springboard in teaching grammar of teachers in two private schools. With this, the study made use of embedded mixed method design to achieve the goal of the study in both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The data were transcribed and analyzed using Delve application based from the different parts of the grammar lessons discussion: Motivation, Presentation and Discussion Proper, Activities and Evaluation. The respondents were then asked on the problems they had encountered in the use of short stories in their grammar lessons. From these gathered data, the Researcher proposed a lesson module with teaching guide highlighting the short story as a springboard in teaching grammar.
grammar instruction, short stories, literature-based approach, teaching strategies, elementary education
In-House Professional Development (PD) Programs and Its Influences on the Teaching Competence of Teachers at Bilingual International School in Ho Chi Minh City
The goal of the study is to understand the internal professional development programs at the school where the researcher is affiliated. From this, the research wants to know the influence of these programs on the teaching competence of the educators at Bilingual International School in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study employs descriptive correlational research design, in which the focus is to look at how in-house professional development (PD) programs affect the teaching skills of bilingual international school (BIS) teachers in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The respondents for this study are drawn from the teaching staff at a bilingual school in Ho Chi Minh City. Participation in the research has been voluntary, with teachers expressing a willingness to engage in surveys, interviews, and potential classroom observations, forming the core of the participant pool. A stratified random sample method is used in this research. The findings indicated that the in-house professional development programs at Bilingual International School were predominantly effective in meeting the practical and instructional requirements of teachers. The prevalence of seminars, mentoring, and lesson study sessions demonstrated the school's robust dedication to improving teaching efficacy, fostering collaboration, and embracing technology advancements. The proposed Enhanced In-House Professional Development Program (E-IHPD) strategically addresses the recognized needs of instructors. Based on facts and contemporary educational philosophy, it guarantees that professional development is reflective, innovative, collaborative, and leadership-oriented.
In-House Professional Development Programs, Teaching Competence, Bilingual Schools, International Schools, Descriptive Correlational
The Effects of Project IDEAL on Learners’ Arithmetic Performance in Key Stage 2 Mathematics
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Project IDEAL on learners’ arithmetic performance in Key Stage 2 Mathematics in a medium-sized public elementary school in Western Visayas for the school year 2025-2026. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, analyzing the comparison of the pretest and post-test results of the respondents. Additionally, the study employed the matched-pairing technique to select participants, comprising 40 Grade 5 learners from one section. The study was conducted over a period of two (2) months. Mean and t-tests were used in the treatment of data. The results revealed that both the control (traditional instruction) and experimental (tablets with math apps) groups had substantial increases in learners’ arithmetic performance after the intervention, indicating that both methods of instruction are effective. In addition, there was no significant difference found between the pretest and post-test results of the control and experimental groups, as well as the post-test results between the control and experimental groups. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the experimental group showed a greater effect than the control group. It is concluded that Project IDEAL is effective in improving the arithmetic performance of the learners. To maximize its effectiveness, it is recommended that the intervention be continued for a longer period of time.
Project IDEAL, Learners’ Arithmetic Performance, Key Stage 2 Mathematics, Traditional Instruction, Experimental Study
Factors Affecting Career Choice in the Field of Nursing Practice Among Selected Graduates of Perpetual College of Manila Batch 2018-2024
The study factors affecting career choice in the field of nursing practice among selected graduates of Perpetual Help College of Manila Batch 2018–2024 explores the internal and external influences that shape the career decisions of nursing graduates. It gives emphasis on how personal attributes such as skills and abilities, values and beliefs, past experiences, emotions, and anxiety and stress interact with external conditions like financial benefits, family influence, work environment, school influence and professors or teachers to guide graduates in choosing their field of practice. The study also emphasizes the importance of early clinical exposure, career counseling, and diverse training experiences in helping graduates develop self-awareness and make informed, confident career choices within the healthcare sector. This study examined the internal and external factors influencing field-of-practice selection among registered nursing graduates of Perpetual Help College of Manila (PHCM), Batch 2018–2024. Guided by Holland’s Theory of Career Choice, King’s Goal Attainment Theory, and Benner’s Novice-to-Expert Theory, the study explored how personal competencies, values, and environmental influences shape early-career decisions. A quantitative descriptive design was employed using a validated questionnaire administered to 54 purposively selected graduates. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and weighted mean. Results showed that internal factors, particularly skills and abilities (????̄ = 4.54), values/beliefs (????̄ = 4.44), and past experiences (????̄ = 4.26), strongly influenced career choices. Among external factors, financial benefits (????̄ = 4.40), family influence (????̄ = 4.20), and work environment (????̄ = 4.18) were the most significant. Graduates predominantly worked in private hospitals and specialized units such as wards, operating rooms, and emergency departments. The findings suggest that career choices are multifactorial and evolve through early professional exposure. Implications for nursing education, hospital administration, and career development programs are discussed. The study findings reveal that PHCM nursing graduates rely on a combination of internal and external factors when choosing their field of practice. Internal factors, particularly skills and abilities, play a significant role in shaping field-of-practice choices, demonstrating the importance of personal competency alignment. This supports Benner’s Novice-to-Expert Theory, which identifies skill development as a core component of professional growth (Wei et al., 2021).
Field of Practice, Career Choice, Nursing Graduates, Internal Factors, External Factors
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Preparedness and Difficulties of OFW Examinees in Taking the Special Professional Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers
This study examined the level of preparedness and difficulties of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) teachers in the Middle East in taking the Special Professional Licensure Examination (SPLE) for Professional Teachers in June 2025. Specifically, it assessed their demographic profile, level of preparedness, level of difficulties, differences in these variables across groups, and the relationship between preparedness and difficulties. Using a quantitative research design, data were gathered from 54 OFW examinees through a self-made survey questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Results showed that OFW teachers demonstrated a high level of preparedness, particularly in using review materials, taking mock exams, and managing study habits. However, they experienced a moderate level of difficulties, including balancing work and study, limited access to review resources, and psychological stress. No significant differences in preparedness were found across educational attainment, examination category, age, sex, or examination results. In terms of difficulties, only sex and examination results showed significant differences, with male and non-passing examinees reporting higher difficulty levels. A significant negative correlation (r = –0.338, p = 0.013) between preparedness and difficulties indicates that as preparedness increases, perceived difficulties decrease. These findings suggest that enhancing structured review support and addressing psychosocial challenges may improve SPLE readiness among OFW teachers. Further studies with larger samples are recommended to validate these results.
OFW Teachers, Special Professional Licensure Examination (SPLE), Preparedness, Difficulties, Licensure Examination Outcomes